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<a href="/posts/patch-vs-put-rest-api/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">RESTful接口中的PATCH和PUT</a>
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<time title="创建时间：2022-10-10 14:15:17 / 修改时间：16:14:24" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-10-10T14:15:17+08:00">2022-10-10</time>
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<p><img src="//storage.veitor.net/2022/10/1665389211.webp" alt="头图"></p>
<p>RESTful接口现在很普遍，但是如果你作为一名web开发者，你应该知道对于不同的情况如何去选择一个最合适的HTTP方法有点困难。</p>
<p>对于开发REST接口来说，更新一个资源是常见的事，这里有两个开发者经常使用的HTTP方法：<code>PUT</code>和<code>PATCH</code>，一般你会选择哪一个？</p>
<p>这两个方法看起来作用相同，都是更新一个服务的资源，但它们底层确是完成不同的事情。本篇文章将帮助你理解PUT和PATCH请求之间的区别，以便你可以设计一个专业的生产级别的API。</p>
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<h2 id="问题描述"><a href="#问题描述" class="headerlink" title="问题描述"></a>问题描述</h2><p>当一个Pod被执行删除操作后，却长时间的处于<code>Terminating</code>状态，发生这样的情况可能是因为：</p>
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<li>Pod有一个与其关联的<code>finalizer</code>，这个<code>finalizer</code>的任务没有完成。</li>
<li>Pod对中断信号没有响应</li>
</ul>
<p>当我们执行<code>kubectl get pods</code>命令时，你将会看到这样的信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE</span><br><span class="line">nginx-7ef9efa7cd-qasd2 1/1 Terminating 0 1h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p><code>编译器</code>(Compiler)和<code>解释器</code>(Interpreter)是两种不同的工具，都可以将<code>编程语言</code>和<code>脚本语言</code>转换为<code>机器语言</code>。</p>
<p><code>编译器</code>可以将整个程序转换为<code>目标代码</code>(object code)，这些目标代码通常存储在文件中。目标代码也被称为<code>二进制代码</code>，在进行<code>链接</code>(link)后可以被机器直接执行。典型的编译型程序语言有<code>C</code>和<code>C++</code>。</p>
<p><code>解释器</code>(Interpreter)能够直接执行程序或脚本语言中编写的指令，而不需要预先将这些程序或脚本语言转换成<code>目标代码</code>或者<code>机器码</code>。典型的解释型语言有<code>Perl</code>、<code>Python</code>、<code>PHP</code>和<code>Matlab</code>。</p>
<p>以下是关于<code>编译器</code>和<code>解释器</code>有趣的方面：</p>
<ol>
<li><p><code>编译器</code>和<code>解释器</code>都能将源代码（文本文件）转换为其他符号；都能生成语法树(<code>parse tree</code>)；都能生成立即指令(<code>immediate instructions</code>，即该指令中要操作的数据已经包含在了指令中，而不是在指令中操作数据所在的地址)。它们的不同之处是，编译器包含了<code>链接器</code>(linker)，生成独立的机器代码程序，而解释器是直接执行高级语言所描述的操作。</p>
</li>
<li><p>一旦程序被编译了，则它的源代码对于运行程序来说没用处了。而解释型程序的源代码在运行程序的时候是始终都需要被用到。</p>
</li>
<li><p>解释型程序一般会比编译型程序运行效率低。</p>
</li>
<li><p>Java程序首先会被编译器编译成中间状态（即字节码），然后再被解释器执行。</p>
</li>
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<p>认证(Authentication)和授权(Authorization)是一个应用中常见的场景。但在DDD中实现认证/授权的最佳方式是什么？</p>
<p>在下面我将基于一个虚拟的用例来展示两种实现方式。</p>
<h1 id="基本要求"><a href="#基本要求" class="headerlink" title="基本要求"></a>基本要求</h1><p>这些概念最好了解一下：</p>
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<li><a href="http://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/serviceLayer.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Application Service</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/84223605" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hexagonal Architecture</a></li>
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<p>最近在研究和开发统一用户身份认证的系统，与此同时也了解到市场上有着如IAM、IDaaS这样的公有云产品，可以将应用快速接入实现统一用户身份认证、权限管理、SSO单点登录等功能。</p>
<p>我主要了解的是阿里云的IDaaS产品，一直认为阿里云产品文档是一个非常好的学习途径，在了解该类产品和功能过程中，阿里云在文档中除了说明产品的使用，更是加入了一些概念的讲解、知识的讲解。这里倒是要摘一些重要的概念。</p>
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<p>关于IDaaS就不多说了，主要是理解一下IDaaS中，如何与应用系统进行帐户关系上的处理。目前了解有三种，但主要还是关注<strong>帐户映射</strong>(<code>Account Mapping</code>)和<strong>帐户关联</strong>（<code>Account Linking</code>）两种做法，还有一种好像是基于角色的帐户。</p>
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<p>PHP日志不仅仅记录错误，你也可以使用日志来追踪API或函数调用的性能，或统计你应用程序中重要事件的发生次数（例如登录、注册、下载等）。无论你是微服务还是单体架构，对PHP应用程序日志的全面记录将会让你能够追踪应用中关键点，并优化其性能。</p>
<p>PHP和开源的日志库让你可以选择在哪里发送日志和存储日志。如你在这篇文章中看到，将PHP日志存储在一个中央仓库是最简单的，并且为以后处理和分析日志提供了很大的便捷。当你使用专用的工具对日志文件进行tail并转发到中央仓库时，你的应用程序代码不需要承担缓冲日志和处理网络错误的代价。</p>
<p>在这篇文章，你将学习到：</p>
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<li>配置PHP System logger来实现自动记录错误日志</li>
<li>使用PHP原生方法来记录自定义错误</li>
<li>使用Monolog日志库来扩展你的日志收集能力</li>
<li>捕获PHP异常和任意的事件</li>
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<p>问题现象：当docker将宿主机上的一个文件直接挂载到容器内时，在宿主机上修改该文件的内容后，在容器中看到该文件内容不变，或者容器中该文件不见了。</p>
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